Qhov tsab xov xwm no los ntawm Wenzhou Tianyu Electronic Co., Ltd.
Lub peev xwm ua rau cov hlau tsis muaj zog txaus nyiam - lub peev xwm los kho nws cov khoom siv kho tshuab thiab tsis kam tiv thaiv corrosion thiab oxidation - kuj ua rau kom qhov nyuaj ntawm kev xaiv cov hlau tsim nyog rau vuam.Rau ib qho kev sib xyaw ua ke ntawm cov khoom siv hauv paus, ib qho ntawm ntau hom electrodes yuav tsim nyog, nyob ntawm tus nqi teeb meem, kev pab cuam, cov khoom siv kho mob xav tau thiab cov tswv cuab ntawm cov teeb meem vuam.
Kab lus no muab cov ntaub ntawv keeb kwm tsim nyog los muab cov neeg nyeem txaus siab rau qhov nyuaj ntawm cov ncauj lus thiab tom qab ntawd teb qee cov lus nug feem ntau nug ntawm cov neeg muab khoom siv hlau.Nws tsim cov txheej txheem dav dav rau kev xaiv cov hlau tsis zoo stainless hlau muab tub lim - thiab tom qab ntawd piav qhia tag nrho cov kev zam rau cov lus qhia!Tsab ntawv no tsis hais txog cov txheej txheem vuam, vim qhov ntawd yog lub ntsiab lus rau lwm tsab xov xwm.
Plaub qib, ntau yam alloying ntsiab
Muaj plaub yam tseem ceeb ntawm stainless hlau:
austenitic
martensitic
ferritic
Duplex
Cov npe yog muab los ntawm cov qauv crystalline ntawm cov hlau feem ntau pom nyob rau hauv chav tsev kub.Thaum cov hlau tsis tshua muaj cua sov siab tshaj 912degC, cov atoms ntawm cov hlau tau rov qab los ntawm cov qauv hu ua ferrite ntawm chav tsev kub rau cov qauv siv lead ua hu ua austenite.Thaum txias, cov atoms rov qab mus rau lawv cov qauv qub, ferrite.Cov qauv kub-kub, austenite, tsis yog hlau nplaum, yas thiab muaj zog qis dua thiab ntau dua ductility dua li chav tsev kub ntawm ferrite.
Thaum ntau tshaj 16% chromium ntxiv rau cov hlau, chav tsev kub crystalline qauv, ferrite, yog stabilized thiab cov hlau tseem nyob rau hauv ferritic mob nyob rau hauv tag nrho cov kub.Li no lub npe ferritic stainless hlau yog siv rau no alloy puag.Thaum ntau tshaj 17% chromium thiab 7% npib tsib xee ntxiv rau cov hlau, qhov kub-kub crystalline qauv ntawm cov hlau, austenite, yog ruaj khov kom nws nyob ntawm txhua qhov kub ntawm qhov qis tshaj mus rau yuav luag melting.
Austenitic stainless hlau feem ntau hu ua 'chrome-nickel' hom, thiab martensitic thiab ferritic steels feem ntau hu ua 'ncaj chrome' hom.Tej yam alloying ntsiab siv nyob rau hauv stainless hlau thiab weld hlau coj li austenite stabilizers thiab lwm yam li ferrite stabilizers.Qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws austenite stabilizers yog npib tsib xee, carbon, manganese thiab nitrogen.Cov ferrite stabilizers yog chromium, silicon, molybdenum thiab niobium.Ntsuas cov ntsiab lus alloying tswj kom muaj nuj nqis ntawm ferrite hauv cov hlau weld.
Austenitic qib tau yooj yim dua thiab txaus siab welded dua li cov uas muaj tsawg dua 5% npib tsib xee.Weld pob qij txha tsim nyob rau hauv austenitic stainless steels muaj zog, ductile thiab tawv nyob rau hauv lawv li-welded mob.Lawv feem ntau tsis tas yuav tsum tau preheat lossis tom qab vuam kev kho cua sov.Austenitic qib account rau kwv yees li 80% ntawm cov hlau tsis muaj steel welded, thiab cov kab lus qhia no tsom hnyav rau lawv.
Table 1: Stainless hlau hom thiab lawv cov ntsiab lus chromium thiab npib tsib xee.
pib {c,80%}
thead{Type|% Chromium|% Nickel|Types}
tdata{Austenitic|16 - 30%|8 - 40%|200, 300}
tdata{Martensitic|11 - 18%|0 - 5%|403, 410, 416, 420}
tdata{Ferritic|11 - 30%|0 - 4%|405, 409, 430, 422, 446}
tdata{Duplex|18 - 28%|4 - 8%|2205}
nyiam{}
Yuav ua li cas xaiv qhov tseeb stainless muab tub lim hlau
Yog hais tias lub hauv paus khoom nyob rau hauv ob daim hlau yog tib yam, tus thawj coj txoj cai siv los ua, 'Pib los ntawm kev sib piv cov ntaub ntawv hauv paus.'Qhov ntawd ua haujlwm zoo nyob rau qee kis;kom koom nrog Hom 310 lossis 316, xaiv hom muab tub lim.
Txhawm rau koom nrog cov ntaub ntawv sib txawv, ua raws li cov lus qhia no: 'xaiv lub muab tub lim kom phim cov khoom siv alloyed ntau dua.'Txhawm rau koom nrog 304 txog 316, xaiv 316 muab tub lim.
Hmoov tsis zoo, 'kev sib tw txoj cai' muaj ntau qhov kev zam uas yog lub hauv paus ntsiab lus zoo dua, Tham nrog lub rooj xaiv hlau muab tub lim.Piv txwv li, Hom 304 yog cov khoom siv hlau tsis zoo tshaj plaws, tab sis tsis muaj leej twg muaj hom 304 electrode.
Yuav ua li cas weld Hom 304 stainless tsis muaj hom 304 electrode
Txhawm rau weld Hom 304 stainless, siv Hom 308 muab tub lim, vim tias cov khoom sib txuas ntxiv hauv Hom 308 yuav ua kom zoo dua qhov chaw vuam.
Txawm li cas los xij, 308L kuj yog ib qho khoom siv tau.Lub npe 'L' tom qab txhua hom qhia tias cov ntsiab lus qis carbon.Hom 3XXL stainless hlau muaj cov ntsiab lus carbon ntawm 0.03% lossis tsawg dua, hos tus qauv 3XXL stainless tuaj yeem muaj cov ntsiab lus siab tshaj plaws ntawm 0.08%.
Vim tias hom L muab tub lim poob rau hauv tib qhov kev faib tawm raws li cov khoom tsis-L, cov neeg tsim khoom tuaj yeem, thiab yuav tsum xav txog, siv hom L muab tub lim vim tias cov ntsiab lus qis dua txo qhov kev pheej hmoo ntawm cov teeb meem cuam tshuam.Qhov tseeb, cov kws sau ntawv sib cav tias Hom L muab tub lim yuav siv dav dua yog tias cov neeg tsim khoom tsuas hloov kho lawv cov txheej txheem.
Fabricators siv cov txheej txheem GMAW kuj tseem xav xav txog kev siv hom 3XXSi muab tub lim, vim tias qhov sib ntxiv ntawm silicon txhim kho ntub dej.Nyob rau hauv cov xwm txheej uas cov weld muaj siab los yog ntxhib crown, los yog qhov chaw weld puddle tsis khi zoo ntawm cov ntiv taw ntawm lub fillet los yog ncej puab, siv Si Type GMAW electrode tuaj yeem du cov hlaws weld thiab txhawb kev fusion zoo dua.
Yog hais tias carbide nag lossis daus yog ib qho kev txhawj xeeb, xav txog hom 347 muab tub lim, uas muaj me me ntawm niobium.
Yuav ua li cas weld stainless hlau rau carbon steel
Qhov teeb meem no tshwm sim nyob rau hauv daim ntawv thov uas ib feem ntawm ib tug qauv yuav tsum tau ib tug corrosion-resistant sab nrauv lub ntsej muag koom nrog ib tug carbon steel structural element kom txo nqi.Thaum koom nrog cov khoom siv hauv paus uas tsis muaj cov ntsiab lus alloying rau cov khoom siv hauv paus nrog cov ntsiab lus alloying, siv cov khoom siv ntau dhau los ua kom cov dilution hauv cov hlau sib npaug los yog ntau dua alloyed dua li cov hlau tsis muaj hlau.
Rau kev koom nrog carbon steel rau Hom 304 lossis 316, nrog rau kev koom nrog cov hlau tsis sib xws, xav txog Hom 309L electrode rau feem ntau cov ntawv thov.Yog xav tau cov ntsiab lus Cr siab dua, xav txog Hom 312.
Raws li cov lus ceeb toom, austenitic stainless hlau nthuav tawm tus nqi ntawm kev nthuav dav uas yog li 50 feem pua siab dua li ntawm cov hlau.Thaum koom nrog, qhov sib txawv ntawm kev nthuav dav tuaj yeem ua rau tawg vim qhov kev ntxhov siab sab hauv tshwj tsis yog siv cov txheej txheem electrode thiab vuam zoo.
Siv cov txheej txheem kev npaj vuam kom raug
Raws li nrog rau lwm yam hlau, thawj zaug tshem tawm cov roj, roj, cov cim thiab cov av uas tsis yog-chlorinated hnyav.Tom qab ntawd, txoj cai tseem ceeb ntawm kev npaj stainless weld yog 'Tsis txhob sib kis los ntawm cov hlau los tiv thaiv corrosion.'Qee lub tuam txhab siv cov tsev sib cais rau lawv 'khoom tsis muaj stainless' thiab 'carbon shop' los tiv thaiv kev sib kis.
Xaiv lub log sib tsoo thiab txhuam tsis txhuam raws li 'stainless nkaus xwb' thaum npaj cov npoo rau vuam.Qee cov txheej txheem hu kom ntxuav ob ntiv tes rov qab los ntawm kev sib koom tes.Kev npaj sib koom ua ke kuj tseem ceeb dua, vim tias kev them nyiaj rau qhov tsis sib xws nrog cov khoom siv hluav taws xob yog qhov nyuaj dua li cov pa roj carbon steel.
Siv cov txheej txheem tom qab vuam kom raug los tiv thaiv xeb
Txhawm rau pib, nco ntsoov dab tsi ua rau stainless hlau stainless: cov tshuaj tiv thaiv ntawm chromium nrog oxygen los tsim ib txheej tiv thaiv ntawm chromium oxide ntawm cov khoom siv.Stainless rusts vim carbide nag lossis daus (saib hauv qab) thiab vim hais tias cov txheej txheem vuam heats cov hlau weld mus rau qhov chaw uas ferritic oxide tuaj yeem tsim rau ntawm qhov chaw vuam.Sab laug nyob rau hauv qhov zoo li-welded, lub suab zoo kawg nkaus tuaj yeem pom 'wagon lem ntawm xeb' ntawm thaj tsam ntawm thaj tsam kub ntxhov hauv tsawg dua 24 teev.
Yog li ntawd cov txheej txheem tshiab ntawm cov ntshiab chromium oxide tuaj yeem hloov kho kom zoo, stainless hlau yuav tsum tau ua tom qab vuam los ntawm polishing, pickling, sib tsoo lossis txhuam.Ntxiv dua thiab, siv cov grinders thiab txhuam hniav rau kev ua haujlwm.
Vim li cas stainless hlau vuam hlau sib nqus?
Siab austenitic stainless hlau yog tsis-magnetic.Txawm li cas los xij, vuam kub tsim cov qoob loo loj heev hauv microstructure, uas ua rau cov vuam tawg-rhiab heev.Txhawm rau txo qhov rhiab heev rau kub tawg, electrode manufacturers ntxiv cov ntsiab lus alloying, suav nrog ferrite.Cov theem ferrite ua rau cov nplej austenitic ua kom zoo dua, yog li cov weld yuav ua rau tawg-resistant.
Ib tug hlau nplaum yuav tsis lo rau ib tug spool ntawm austenitic stainless muab tub lim, tab sis ib tug neeg tuav ib tug hlau nplaum yuav hnov ib tug me ntsis rub vim hais tias ntawm cov ferrite khaws cia.Hmoov tsis zoo, qhov no ua rau qee cov neeg siv xav tias lawv cov khoom tau raug mislabeled lossis lawv siv cov hlau tsis raug (tshwj xeeb tshaj yog tias lawv rub daim ntawv lo tawm ntawm lub pob tawb hlau).
Qhov tseeb ntawm ferrite nyob rau hauv ib qho electrode nyob ntawm qhov kev pab kub ntawm daim ntawv thov.Piv txwv li, ferrite ntau dhau ua rau cov weld poob nws qhov toughness ntawm qhov kub thiab txias.Yog li, Hom 308 muab tub lim rau daim ntawv thov LNG piping muaj tus lej ferrite ntawm 3 thiab 6, piv rau tus lej ferrite ntawm 8 rau tus qauv 308 muab tub lim.Nyob rau hauv luv luv, muab tub lim hlau yuav zoo ib yam li thaum xub thawj, tab sis me me sib txawv nyob rau hauv muaj pes tsawg leeg yog ib qho tseem ceeb.
Puas muaj txoj hauv kev yooj yim rau vuam duplex stainless hlau?
Feem ntau, duplex stainless hlau muaj ib qho microstructure uas muaj kwv yees li 50% ferrite thiab 50% austenite.Hauv cov ntsiab lus yooj yim, ferrite muab lub zog siab thiab qee qhov ua rau muaj kev ntxhov siab corrosion cracking thaum lub austenite muab zoo toughness.Ob theem ua ke muab cov duplex steels lawv cov khoom txaus nyiam.Muaj ntau hom duplex stainless hlau, uas feem ntau yog hom 2205;Qhov no muaj 22% chromium, 5% nickel, 3% molybdenum thiab 0.15% nitrogen.
Thaum vuam duplex stainless hlau, teeb meem tuaj yeem tshwm sim yog tias cov hlau vuam muaj ntau dhau ferrite (lub tshav kub los ntawm arc ua rau cov atoms npaj lawv tus kheej hauv ferrite matrix).Txhawm rau kom them nyiaj, cov hlau muab tub lim yuav tsum txhawb nqa cov qauv austenitic nrog cov ntsiab lus siab dua, feem ntau 2 txog 4% ntau npib tsib xee dua li cov hlau hauv paus.Piv txwv li, flux-cored hlau rau vuam hom 2205 tej zaum yuav muaj 8.85% npib tsib xee.
Cov ntsiab lus ferrite xav tau tuaj yeem nyob ntawm 25 mus rau 55% tom qab vuam (tab sis tuaj yeem siab dua).Nco ntsoov tias qhov txias txias yuav tsum tau qeeb txaus kom tso cai rau lub austenite hloov kho, tab sis tsis yog qeeb li tsim cov theem intermetallic, los yog ceev dhau los tsim cov ferrite ntau tshaj nyob rau hauv tshav kub-cuam tshuam cheeb tsam.Ua raws li cov chaw tsim khoom pom zoo cov txheej txheem rau cov txheej txheem vuam thiab muab tub lim hlau xaiv.
Kev hloov pauv ntawm qhov ntsuas thaum vuam stainless hlau
Rau cov fabricators uas tas li kho qhov tsis xws luag (voltage, amperage, arc ntev, inductance, mem tes dav, thiab lwm yam) thaum vuam stainless hlau, tus raug culprit yog inconsistent muab tub lim hlau muaj pes tsawg leeg.Muab qhov tseem ceeb ntawm cov ntsiab lus alloying, ntau qhov sib txawv ntawm cov tshuaj muaj pes tsawg leeg tuaj yeem muaj kev cuam tshuam rau kev ua haujlwm ntawm vuam, xws li cov dej tsis zoo los yog cov slag tso tawm.Variations nyob rau hauv txoj kab uas hla electrode, deg huv si, cam khwb cia thiab helix kuj muaj feem xyuam rau kev ua tau zoo nyob rau hauv GMAW thiab FCAW daim ntaub ntawv.
Tswj tswj carbide nag lossis daus hauv austenitic stainless hlau
Ntawm qhov kub ntawm 426-871degC, carbon cov ntsiab lus nyob rau hauv ntau tshaj 0.02% migrate mus rau grain ciam teb ntawm lub austenitic qauv, qhov uas nws reacts nrog chromium los tsim chromium carbide.Yog hais tias cov chromium khi nrog cov pa roj carbon, nws tsis muaj rau corrosion kuj.Thaum raug rau ib puag ncig corrosive, intergranular corrosion tshwm sim, tso cai rau cov ciam teb rau noj tam sim ntawd.
Txhawm rau tswj carbide nag lossis daus, khaws cov ntsiab lus carbon tsawg li sai tau (0.04% siab tshaj) los ntawm vuam nrog cov pa roj carbon tsawg.Cov pa roj carbon kuj tuaj yeem raug khi los ntawm niobium (yav tas los columbium) thiab titanium, uas muaj kev sib raug zoo rau cov pa roj carbon ntau dua li chromium.Hom 347 electrodes yog tsim rau lub hom phiaj no.
Yuav ua li cas npaj rau kev sib tham txog kev xaiv hlau muab tub lim
Qhov tsawg kawg nkaus, sau cov ntaub ntawv ntawm qhov kawg-siv ntawm qhov welded, nrog rau kev pabcuam ib puag ncig (tshwj xeeb tshaj yog kev ua haujlwm kub, raug rau cov ntsiab lus corrosive thiab qib ntawm kev cia siab corrosion) thiab kev pabcuam lub neej.Cov ntaub ntawv hais txog cov khoom siv kho tshuab uas xav tau ntawm kev ua haujlwm pab tau zoo heev, suav nrog lub zog, toughness, ductility thiab qaug zog.
Feem ntau ntawm cov tuam txhab hluav taws xob ua lag luam muab cov phau ntawv qhia rau kev xaiv cov hlau nplaum, thiab cov kws sau ntawv tsis tuaj yeem hais txog qhov no: sab laj ib daim ntawv thov hlau muab tub lim lossis hu rau cov chaw tsim khoom cov kws tshaj lij.Lawv nyob ntawd los pab xaiv qhov tseeb stainless hlau electrode.
Yog xav paub ntxiv txog TYUE's stainless hlau muab tub lim hlau thiab tiv tauj lub tuam txhab cov kws tshaj lij rau cov lus qhia, mus rau www.tyuelec.com.
Post lub sij hawm: Dec-23-2022